Saad Zaghloul
| Saad Zaghloul سعد زغلول |
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Prime Minister of Egypt
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| In office 26 January 1924 – 24 November 1924 |
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| Monarch | Fuad I |
| Preceded by | Abdel Fattah Yahya Ibrahim Pasha |
| Succeeded by | Ahmad Ziwar Pasha |
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| Born | 1859 Ibyana, Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt |
| Religion | Islam |
Saad Zaghloul (Arabic: سعد زغلول; also: Saad Zaghlul, Sa'd Zaghloul Pasha ibn Ibrahim) (1859-August 23, 1927) was an Egyptian politician. He served as Prime Minister of Egypt from January 26, 1924 to November 24, 1924.
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Education, activism and exile
Zaghloul was born in Ibyana village in the Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate of Egypt's Nile Delta. For his post-secondary education, he attended Al-Azhar University in Cairo. In the 1880s, he became politically active, for which he was arrested. After his release from prison, Zaghloul went on to practice Law. He became increasingly active in nationalist movements, and in 1918, he led a delegation demanding complete independence from Britain at the Paris Peace Conference. The British in turn demanded that Zaghloul end his political agitation. When he refused, they exiled him to Malta and later to the Seychelles. At the time of his arrival in the Seychelles, a number of other prominent anti-imperialist leaders were also exiled there, including Mohamoud Ali Shire, the 20th Sultan of the Somali Warsangali Sultanate, with whom Zaghloul would soon develop a rapport.[1]
Political history
Zaghloul's absence caused disturbances in Egypt, ultimately leading to the Egyptian Revolution of 1919.[2] Upon his return from exile, Zaghloul led the Egyptian nationalist forces. The elections of January 12, 1924 gave the Wafd Party an overwhelming majority, and two weeks later, Zaghloul formed the first Wafdist government. As P. J. Vatikiotis writes in The History of Modern Egypt (4th ed., pp. 279 ff.):
The masses considered Zaghloul their national leader, the za'im al-umma, the uncompromising national hero. His opponents were equally discredited as compromisers in the eyes of the masses. Yet he also had finally come to power partly because he had compromised with the palace group and implicitly accepted the conditions governing the safeguarding of British interests in Egypt.
Following the assassination on November 19, 1924 of Sir Lee Stack, Sirdar and Governor-General of the Sudan, and subsequent British demands which Zaghloul felt to be unacceptable, Zaghloul resigned, deciding to play no further role in government.
Family
Zaghloul's wife, Safiyya, was the daughter of Mustafa Fahmi Pasha, the Egyptian cabinet minister and two-time Prime Minister of Egypt. A feminist and revolutionary, she was also active in politics.
| Preceded by Abdel Fattah Yahya Ibrahim Pasha |
Prime Minister of Egypt {{{years}}} |
Succeeded by {{{after}}} |
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See also
- Mausoleum of Saad Zaghloul
References
- ↑ Mohamoud Ali Shire.htm A Touching Glimpse of History and the Reunion of a Somali Royalty
- ↑ Eugene Rogan, The Arabs (Basic Books: New York, 2009), p. 165.
Further reading
- Vatikiotis, P.J. (1991). The History of Modern Egypt. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-4215-8.
External links
- Al-Ahram: "The bitter harvest" An account of the 1924 assassination in Cairo of Sir Oliver (Lee) Stack and its consequences for Egypt and Zaghloul
- "High Tea, Low Lunch". Time Magazine. 1926-06-14. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,751532,00.html. Retrieved 2008-08-09. A 1926 story about Zaghloul's attempt to return to power